In modern (short scale) English usage, it is usually called a billion (although in many other languages and long scale usage, a billion means 1,000,000,000,000 - a million millions).
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Sense of scale
The facts below give a sense of how large 1,000,000,000 (109) is in the context of time according to current scientific evidence:
109 seconds is 114 days short of 32 calendar years (≈ 31.7 years).
About 109 minutes ago, the Roman Empire was flourishing. (109 minutes is roughly 1,900 years.)
About 109 hours ago, modern human beings and their ancestors were living in the Stone Age (more precisely, the Middle Paleolithic). (109 hours is roughly 114,000 years.)
About 109 days ago, Australopithecus, an ape-like creature related to an ancestor of modern humans, roamed the African savannas. (109 days is roughly 2.7 million years.)
About 109 months ago, dinosaurs walked the earth during the late Cretaceous. (109 months is roughly 82 million years.)
As visualized in a work by artist Michael Marcovici, this amount of money in stacks of hundred-dollar bills can fit on twelve wrapped pallets.
In terms of area:
A billion square inches would be a square about one half mile on a side.
A piece of finely woven bed sheet cloth that contained a billion holes would measure about 500 square feet, large enough to cover a moderate sized apartment.
In terms of volume:
There are a billion cubic millimeters in a cubic meter.
A billion grains of table salt or granulated sugar would occupy a volume of about two and a half cubic feet.
A billion cubic inches would be a volume comparable to a large commercial building slightly larger than a typical supermarket.
In terms of natural landscape; a small mountain, slightly larger than Stone Mountain Georgia, United States, would weigh (have a mass of) a billion tons.
In terms of count:
A is a cube; B consists of 1000 cubes of type A. C consists of 1000 B's; and D 1000 C's. Thus there are 1 million A's in C; and 1,000,000,000 A's in D. Likewise, there are 1,000,000,000 cubic millimeters in a cubic meter.
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